The Broadway Cafe Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Broadway Cafe - Assignment Example As a major aspect of building up another business technique for Broadway Cafe, Porter’s five powers will be utilized in looking at the outside condition of the business. In the end, the Cafe’s basic achievement factors that add to the improvement of its similar preferred position will be recognized and handled in subtleties. Outside Environment of Broadway Cafe New Entrants Establishing a café business requires exceptionally insignificant capital necessity. In this way, espresso is generally sold inside the area by enormous scope cafés as well as the neighborhood cheap food chains and markets. Since the danger for new business passage is exceptionally high, showcase rivalry inside the espresso business is tight. Contention among Existing Competitors The danger of item replacement and obstructions to section is high. In accordance with this, we ought to consider that Broadway Cafe is selling particular espresso items which are exceptional to moment espresso items or ot her brand-less prepared espresso sold in general stores, supermarkets, and cheap food chains. Without Starbucks Coffee working inside the area, contention among existing contenders is low. ... Beside rivaling Starbucks, espresso consumers could likewise choose to just buy minimal effort moment espresso that are promptly accessible from the nearby markets and supermarkets. Bartering Power of Buyers Considering the choices that purchasers have with regards to buying espresso items, the haggling intensity of purchasers against Broadway Cafe is exceptionally high. In the event that Broadway Cafe’s esteemed clients turns out to be less happy with the espresso quality and administrations conveyed to them, every single one of them has the preferred position to settle on buying their espresso either from the nearby cheap food chains that offers espresso or legitimately from Starbucks. Haggling Power of Suppliers because of globalization, the bartering intensity of providers is low since Broadway Cafe has the business bit of leeway of buying its espresso items from profoundly serious provider who could offer the organization with great espresso beans at a limited cost. Becau se of buying espresso bean items by mass, Broadway Cafe could without much of a stretch sell a wide-scope of espresso flavors at the most minimal conceivable cost. Near Advantage and Critical Success Factors of Broadway Cafe over Starbucks according to high espresso bean quality, moderate espresso costs, and solid client support, the basic achievement elements of Broadway Cafe incorporate the company’s solid brand value and brand picture (Bennett and Rundel-Thiele, 2005; Yoo, Donthu and Lee, 2000). In accordance with this, keeping the clients fulfilled is one of the quality of Broadway Cafe. Throughout the years, the organization figured out how to convey what its clients need. Since Broadway Cafe had the option to corner the espresso business inside the area for a long

Phone Hacking Scandal

COMM101 Campbell Burke Student No. 4491002 1) * After the 2005 Royal telephone hacking embarrassment another examination was propelled into telephone hacking called activity Weeting. It was declared in January 2011 by the police that another examination would be directed subsequently new data. * In April 2011 News International expressed that they would pay out remuneration and give an official conciliatory sentiment to eight cases that included telephone hacking and the break of security, anyway they would challenge every single other appeal. After a commotion over the uncovered hacking of Milly Dowler’s telephone on July fourth 2011 a crusade was propelled via web-based networking media destinations to get publicizes to drop the paper. During the next days News of the World would choose to quit being printed after the July tenth issue. 2) One gathering influenced were the quantity of casualties of the unlawful telephone hacking including VIPs, government officials, law autho rization authorities, specialists, and the overall population. Casualties ran from British warriors' family members who were slaughtered in Iraq and Afghanistan and London psychological militant assault victims.Also various representatives from the News of the World have been captured, totaling nine at the present, it had likewise caused a few abdications from the paper as well as from the police. Due to the possible conclusion of News of the World 200 representatives have been laid off. The overall population have likewise been affected as they have lost the trust of media partnerships because of the considerable exploitative conduct of individuals from an enormous media organization. Additionally another gathering affected are business who are associated with media who have increased an awful notoriety from simply being engaged with a similar industry as News of the World. 3)I accept the most troublesome sentence to write in the ‘Sorry’ ad is the line, â€Å"I unders tand that just saying 'sorry' isn't sufficient. † He understands that a basic expression of remorse won't take care of the issue that uncommon estimates should be taken to determine the issue and begin to patch the moral notoriety of his organizations. That it will require some investment however will cost a great deal to fix the harm like the conclusion of News of the World and the sums paid for remuneration to the people in question and the lawful expenses. By including that line he is declaring that he is happy to go through the cash to fix the harm brought about by the telephone hacking outrage. ) When unscrupulous conduct is found in a business it is significant that it is managed as brisk as conceivable not exclusively to limit the harm it will cause to the notoriety of the business yet in addition to partners. For instance once the Enron outrage was uncovered move ought to have been made to ensure speculators, workers and all partners associated with the business who mi ght experience the ill effects of the deceptive conduct of a couple of individuals. The speedier you manage unscrupulous conduct it exhibits to the open that you are focused on moral business, subsequently picking up the trust of the general population.

HM Leadership Style An Analysis

HM Leadership Style An Analysis Hennes and Mauritz (H and M) was set up in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. H and M offers style and quality at the best cost and offers design for ladies, men, young people and kids. The assortments are made midway by around 100 in-house architects along with purchasers and example producers. HM additionally sells own-image beauty care products, extras and footwear. The stores are invigorated day by day with new design things. In Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria HM offers style by Internet and list deals. HM doesn't claim any manufacturing plants, yet rather purchases its merchandise from around 700 autonomous providers, essentially in Asia and Europe. HM has around 16 creation workplaces around the globe, principally in Asia and Europe. The turnover in 2009 was SEK 118,697 million. HM fundamentally works in Europe, North America and Asia, and have around 2,000 stores spread over in 37 nations. The organization is headquartered in Sto ckholm, Sweden and utilizes roughly 68,000 individuals on a full time premise. HMs procedure is to offer design and quality at the best cost. HMs yearly report (AR1 2008) stresses that quality identifies with both; HMs items surpassing client desires, and furthermore clients being happy with the organization itself. The report states Taking obligation regarding how our activities influence individuals and the earth is likewise a basic essential for HMs proceeded with gainfulness and development. HM is driven by solid qualities, for example, business attitude, straightforwardness, steady improvement, cost cognizance and enterprise (AR1 2008, p.13). Long haul key objectives of HM In the Annual Report (AR1 2008, p.7), HM, CEO Rolf Ericsson states that the drawn out objective is to Make style accessible to everybody, give the client a design experience that fortifies HM brand. They likewise express the objective of a 10-15% expansion in the quantity of stores each year, which would be supported inside (AR1 2008, p.13). The plan to expand deals in existing stores, while concentrating on quality and proceeded with gainfulness. How does HM need to arrive? To execute its system HM centers around 3 primary parts of its business idea (AR1 2008): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Price, which is constrained by restricting the quantity of agents, purchasing in enormous volumes, depending on its inside and out, broad ability inside the plan, style, and material enterprises, purchasing the correct product from the correct creation markets, being cost-cognizant at all levels and keeping up powerful appropriation methods (Job ad for Buyer on the professions site at). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Design: Products are planned in-house and creation is totally re-appropriated (AR1 2009, p.11). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Quality: Central accentuation on quality with broad testing and guaranteeing least condition harm (AR1 2009). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Merger and Acquisitions: Acquisitions (like FaBric Scandinavian, the Swedish structure organization), and Design Collaborations (coordinated effort with Mathew Williamson) are received (HM press at). In 2009, HM intends to open 225 new stores and enroll 6,000 to 7,000 workers. SWOT Analysis Qualities One of the primary explanations behind HMs fame is a direct result of its stylish things for such a low cost. This store offers quality garments at retail establishment costs which is uncommon for some retailers today. Quality for this organization is their general conveyance time. It just takes 12 weeks to get a thing from the plan to its retail state which is noteworthy for an around the world, low value retailer. The normal for retailers is for the most part around a half year which is twofold the time that HM employments. They additionally figure out how to keep the stores marks new with visitor originators coming in for various lines in the store. A portion of these have been Madonna and Robert Cavalli. They likewise keep the costs moderate by utilizing not many mediators and purchase huge volumes cost deliberately. Be that as it may, with these qualities come shortcomings also. Shortcomings One of the qualities I referenced above can likewise be a soft spot for this organization. Purchasing enormous volumes implies that there is no genuine assurance that all the things will be sold. This implies theyre effectively low costs may must be brought all together down to account for the following assortment. This implies on the off chance that these things are not sold in time, at that point the organization should pay more for additional capacity for the things not sold. Another shortcoming could be its wide scope of clients this brand accommodates. The range is for men between the ages of 18-45. This is excluding the childrens apparel and maternity wear and the immense wide scope of various styles they give contingent upon what store you go into. This can be hard to oversee particularly in a vertical organization on the grounds that there is no genuine spotlight on an objective client and gets progressively costly to give apparatus to all these various gathering s of individuals. Be that as it may, with these gigantic jumps there are numerous open doors for this organization prosper. Openings One great open door would be for HM is to have coordinating garments for moms and youngsters. I figure this would be a decent open door in light of the fact that there are likewise maternity wear and childrens garments and I imagine that it would speak to a bigger group. They might want to dress their youngsters like them in similar styles. Dangers since HM is a brand that is extremely remarkable it has not many dangers to the extent retail chains go. One of these stores would need to be the garments chain called ZARA. This is a store that likewise has genuinely sensible costs yet is generally renowned for its quick conveyance time. It just takes fourteen days for the structure to make it into retail locations. Indeed, even with HMs time which is half quicker than most retailers, can't rival that time. The second danger to HM is Gap as a result of their quality at sensible costs and their wide scope of individuals they reach also with their vertical organization too. There is a business opportunity for babies just as people HUMAN RESOURCE HMs corporate technique is to develop a proceeding with premise, and as a result, representative quality likewise increments constantly. For 2009, HMs Annual report (AR1 2008), figures the expansion of 6000 to 7000 new openings. Their staff is spread across roughly 37 nations and originate from various social foundations. Their technique is to enlist locally at whatever point another store opens (AR1 2008). The principle territory for which HM may have obviously enunciated strategies are recorded underneath. The arrangement regions depend on the order by (Armstrong (2006), pp.148-156): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Overall Policy and Values: HMs site shows that their goal is to be a decent boss, remembering for those nations whose laws and guidelines miss the mark regarding their own necessities. To cite the Head of HR In request to meet people groups desires for HM as an alluring manager, the organization creates worldwide rules on decent variety, equivalent rights and against separation (AR1 2008, p.34).At HM, HR exercises are guided by a basic regard for the individual (AR1 2008). This applies to each angle from reasonable wages, working hours and opportunity of relationship to the open door for development and advancement inside the organization. This likewise demonstrates the organization has explicit arrangements for territories, for example, Equal chance, Managing assorted variety, Employee improvement, Health and Safety, among others. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Employee Relations and Voice: HM has an open entryway arrangement giving all representatives the privilege and the chance to examine any business related issue straightforwardly with the board (AR1 2008). They additionally bolster their representatives right and capacity to compose and to conclude who ought to speak to them in the working environment (AR1 2008). HM has positive experience of open and productive discourse with the worker's organizations and they invite such relations any place they work. They believe such participation to be fundamental in the event that they are to turn out to be stunningly better. Instances of coordinated effort on shortages on help incorporate their concurrence with UNI (Union Network International) and the work they do with the EWC (European Works Council), (AR1, 2008). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Promotion: To cite Mr. Pã ¤r Darj, Head of HR at HM . Inside enlistment and employment turn empower the organization to develop rapidly (AR1, 2008). This announcement shows that HM has arrangements identified with advancement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Employee Development: To cite Mr. Pã ¤r Darj, Head of HR at HM . I tell workers, in the event that you don't develop neither will HM (AR1, 2008). This demonstrates strategies exist for this zone. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Rewards: HM centers around compensating individuals by giving more chances and obligations, and not through an advancements and employment titles (AR1, 2008). This demonstrates HM has approaches for this territory. Different territories with plainly characterized arrangements may exist, however these are not obvious from accessible sources. Hierarchical Behavior HM works in 37 nations and has a work power having a place with these 37 nations since they enlist locally (AR1 2008, p.34). HMs embraced values are expressed to be the establishment for a worldwide organization in a multi social market where extraordinary regard is paid to the person. Meetings with the CEO and Head of HR in the yearly report demonstrate a participative culture where everybody is caused to feel like a piece of the companys achievement (AR1 2008). To cite Par Darj,(Head of HR) The catchphrases for nonstop development are duty and responsibility. We have submitted workers and we are set up to assign duty at each level, (AR1 2008, p.34). The organization energizes what it calls The HM soul; representatives focused on their work and arranged to take on new difficulties, presence of mind, difficult work and cooperation are supported. Every one of their tasks are embodied by a basic regard for the individual; including sensible wages, sensible hours, and chance to develop, and create inside the organization (AR1 2008, p.34). Statements from representatives about the organiza

Attitude Toward Power Essay

Both Ulysses and Macbeth had the option to pick up intensity of majesty, yet the manner in which they picked up the forces are extraordinary. In this exposition I am going to look at how they respect power, both diversely and also. I expect to utilize Heinemann, (1994), rendition of Macbeth by Shakespeare and the class freebee of Ulysses. The primary focal point of Macbeth will be from Act1 Scene 7, lines 1-28 and Act 2 Scene 1, line 33-61, while I will likewise assess other related part all through the play. Since Lord Tennyson and William Shakespeare are from various time in the history, their point of view of the world will be unique, in this way I will likewise make reference to about Shakespeare’s and Lord Tennyson’s alternate point of view towards force and language they utilized. Most incredible essayists mirror their demeanor to life on their work, so it is essential to consider the social and recorded foundation of the Jacobeans when Shakespeare composed the play, and the Victorian time, when Lord Tennyson was alive. In Victorian occasions, Britain was a ground-breaking nation. There were boundless open doors for essentially the high society individuals to expand their insight by going to new places and experience the outside societies. At the point when Lord Tennyson composed this sonnet, he was lamenting over his best friend’s demise. By composing this sonnet he had the option to communicate his enthusiastic inclination just as to convince him to release it. He additionally had the chances to tell individuals that it is â€Å"never past the point where it is possible to look for a fresher world†. For models, Ulysses’ new world would be life following death world and Lord Tennyson’s new world would be the world without his closest companion. Toward the finish of Macbeth, the ethical we get is that never to go too far of Divine Order. During Jacobean time, they accepted that the obligation of the King is picked by God: They accepted that each living life form has a request and it is chosen by God, this is call the Divine Order. On the off chance that one chooses to conflict with the Divine Order, such as executing the King to be simply the government at that point, he had accomplished something that is extremely dreary during the Jacobeans: conflicting with God. Shakespeare attempted show that by the expense of Macbeth need to look after he had killed the King, one model is that he lost his regards from his retainers and toward the end he was without anyone else. Jacobeans were additionally eccentric; they accepted that witches are abhorrent in light of the fact that they love evil presence, so if there was a plague or a cataclysmic event, they accused on the witches: they are first put to preliminaries and afterward was executed, basically hanged or consumed. Since Shakespeare made Macbeth partner with the witches by talking and more terrible of all confiding in them, that made Macbeth detestable. Shakespeare did this to satisfy his King, King James, as he was against the otherworldly and was capable assistance King James to spread the evilness of the witches through his play. The sonnet, â€Å"Ulysses† began by a moderate mood. Master Tennyson dealt with this by utilizing the words with long vowels, for example, â€Å"hoard, and rest, and feed†. These words give us the feeling of bluntness and commonplace, which was the way Ulysses feels toward the start. In any case, as we go further down the sonnet, the bluntness was decline as he began to discuss his brave days.

Life Span (Human Development)fe Span (Human Development) Essay

Life expectancy (Human Development)fe Span (Human Development) - Essay Example The fundamental hypothetical issues with respect to this include: Issue 1: Is improvement dynamic or receptive? Issue 2: Is improvement consistent or intermittent? The robotic model accepts that human improvement results from reactions to boosts, and the organismic model considers human advancement as a reaction that happens from inward liveliness. The five hypothetical points of view incorporate psychoanalytic methodology, learning hypothesis, psychological hypothesis, relevant viewpoint, and transformative methodology, which are additionally talked about in the accompanying area (Chapter Two, n.d., pp.23-25). Intellectual formative speculations †This hypothesis considers the improvement of thinking and consistent advancement of individuals from the hour of their introduction to the world to outset to the phase of immaturity. A key center is worried about the job that human culture and instructing forms have on people. Learning speculations †This hypothesis underlines on the hypotheses that are found out by people after some time, through perceptions and encounters freeing the comprehension from people of esteems, hopes, and objectives. Social hypothesis †This hypothesis centers around drawing out the socially different world around individuals thinking about the improvement of people that depends on the direction offered by the idea of culture. Social job hypothesis †This hypothesis accentuates on the improvement of people with regards to public activity. This decides the different social jobs that individuals play in their lives over their turn of events. Frameworks hypothesis †This hypothesis builds up a comprehension of the various components in the arrangement of human life that are related on one another. Self-guideline and self-association are guided by the practices of such components. The discussion of nature versus nature according to development and improvement of people has been in

Community Research Paper On The American Society - 1650 Words

Community Research Paper On The American Society (Essay Sample) Content: Instructors name:Students name:Date:COMMUNITY RESEARCH PAPER DRAFTThe American society is becoming economically polarized while at the same time more racially with time. Specifically, many people in the country support the fact that the criminal justice system is based on racism. According to research, almost two thirds of African-Americans believe that the criminal justice system in the country is fully against them. Many groups agree with this, especially advocates in civil rights. However, a lot of conservatives are in denial, with the claim that the system is not racist in any way whatsoever. This research project will incorporate ideas and arguments from several past researches about racism and criminal justice system. The project will argue the issue on its own perspective while at the same time, source ideas and claims from a variety of sources, critiquing and supporting different aspects.David Cole, a professor at Georgetown University bases his explanation on the fact that there is no equal justice system in America, as the system can highlight African Americans as criminals without even undergoing investigation. Paul Butler argues that the jury should set free the black defendants on cases that are non-violent but rather risk the lives of the defendants, such like drug possessions, perjury and burglary. Andrew Kahn and his fellow Chris Kirk explain how it is like to be an African American in the criminal justice system, describing it as disadvantageous. Michelle Alexander gives a credible explanation of how the blacks are subjected to legalize discrimination. According to the award winning journalists, Jeff Brazil and Steve Berry, the police in America stop and conduct search on people on roads and streets, based on their color. Additionally, Bill Quigley provides examples of racism in the criminal justice in America, arguing that the system is meant to prevent the African Americans from any progress. A complete overview of a jail term and the activities involved is provided by Whyte Alan and his coworker Jamie Baker. An interview based on the issue is also conducted, to provide a definite view on the same, first hand. Race and ethnicity have always been an issue in America and the research works on providing credible solution to end the issue and hav...

Importance of Education in Society

Importance of Education in Society Education, if looked at beyond its conventional boundaries, forms the very essence of all our actions. What we do is what we know and have learned, either through instructions or through observation and assimilation. When we are not making an effort to learn, our mind is always processing new information or trying to analyze the similarities as well as the tiny nuances within the context which makes the topic stand out or seem different. If that is the case then the mind definitely holds the potential to learn more, however, it is us who stop ourselves from expanding the horizons of our knowledge with self-doubt or other social, emotional, or economic constraints. While most feel that education is a necessity, they tend to use it as a tool for reaching a specific target or personal mark, after which there is no further need to seek greater education. Nonetheless, the importance of education in society is indispensable and cohering, which is why soc iety and knowledge cannot be ever separated into two distinct entities. Let us find out more about the role of education in society and how it affects our lives. Purpose of Education in Society Education is Self Empowerment Receiving a good education helps empower you, thus making you strong enough to look after yourself in any given situation. It keeps you aware of your given surrounding as well as the rules and regulations of the society you're living in. It's only through knowledge that you can be able to question authority for its negligence or discrepancies. It is only then that you can avail your rights as a citizen and seek improvement in the structural functioning of governance and economy. It's only when a citizen is aware about the policies of its government can he be able to support or protest the change. As a whole, people can bring about development only when they know where improvement is necessary for the greater good of mankind. Education helps you understand yours elf better, it helps you realize your potential and qualities as a human being. It helps you to tap into latent talent, so that you may be able to sharpen your skills. Financial Stability and Dignity of Life Another importance of education is that it helps you gain sufficient academic qualification so that you are able to get suitable employment at a later stage. A decent employment would be combined with hard-earned remuneration or salary through which you can look after your personal expenses. While you earn for yourself, you gradually begin to realize the true worth of money and how hard it is to earn it. You realize the significance of saving for a rainy day and for unforeseeable contingencies. You feel empowered because there is a new sense of worth that develops within you, and you feel the need to be independent and free from any further financial support. You take pride in the fact that you are earning for yourself, and are not obligated to anyone. Growth in Personal Aspi ration There also comes a phase when the amount you are earning presently will seem inadequate because your aspirations and expectations from yourself would have grown considerably. After this, you will want to change jobs so as to have a higher profile. However, here is when you need to be prepared. A promotion of this figure can occur in two given situations, which are, that either you have the necessary higher academic qualification or a college degree which allows you a safe passage, or that you have amassed enough practical experience which allows you to be a suitable candidate for the employment you seek. On the Job Efficiency This is why college education is very important after high school and must not be taken for granted. When faced with the option of choosing between a highly qualified candidate and a not so educated candidate, the employers will most probably go in for the qualified person. The reason being that, a qualified candidate will not require much investment of the employer's time and money. The organization need not teach him or her the tricks of the trade, or the various ways of functioning and performing the tasks of the workplace. On the contrary, a novice / amateur applicant would need to be taught everything from scratch, which many employer's are usually not willing to do. The same applies for people who seek higher education and get advanced diplomas while working. These people are continuously improving their profile and their knowledge base so as to go higher up on the competitive ladder. Helps Plan Ahead Those who have amassed enough education, steer the path of development and progress for their country. It is these individuals who go ahead and become teachers, scientists, inventors, welfare activists, soldiers, and politicians who work together to form the very backbone of the society. Without this pool of intellect, the economic and social framework would crumple and fall, paving its way for anarchy, degradation, and violen ce. While this intricate balance of growth is maintained, there will be a continuous rise in progress in all quarters of life, whether that be personal growth, or development of the nation as an entity. This progress has a very important role to play for the coming generations, which will reap the benefits of our hard work, as they develop it further. At the same time, the negative impact of our actions shall have its collateral damage on the coming generation as well. Which is why we must be exceptionally prudent about the decisions we make and the actions we take in the present. Job Seeker vs. Job Provider There will come a time, when you will no longer feel the need to be working as someone's mere employee. You would want to take charge and control over your own life and income. This is when you will decide to become a self-employed individual, who would like to watch his / her own ideas take realistic form. You would prefer being the one offering job opportunities to others and aid in providing income to them. At this stage of entrepreneurship, you may use your own expertise as well as that of other trained and skilled associates. As a team, you will find your business or venture expanding and yielding good results. You may even gain the confidence and insight, which will help you diversify and spread your expertise into other business arenas, which were previously unknown to you, or you were unsure about. This ability, comes with experience and knowledge amassed over the years. An Idle Mind is The Devil's Workshop Education and studying regularly, gives people of all age groups something substantial and challenging to do. It helps them think and use their idle hours, doing something productive and worthwhile. Education need not be purely academic and may include reading for leisure or as a passion for literature, philosophy, art, politics, economics, or even scientific research. There is no limit, to all that you can teach yourself, only if you take the interest to learn and grow as an individual. However, those who treat knowledge as trash, eventually find themselves getting absorbed with thoughts of violence, and jealously against those who are better off than themselves. It is people such as these who turn towards drug addiction, unnecessary rebellion, crime, and plain inactivity. Such people lack the self-esteem, that a good education often provides to its followers. Education plays its continuous role in all spheres of life. The reason being, that if we are aware of the drawbacks of a decision and we know about the possible contingencies and the collateral damage, our consequent actions would be wiser, which would help us to keep danger at bay at all times.

Quotes About the Importance of Words

Words can incite anger or invoke passion. They can bring people together or tear them apart. Words can uphold the truth or nurture a lie. We use words to encompass history, to describe the natural universe, and even to conjure realistic visions of things that exist only in fantasy. In fact, in some mythology, spoken words are thought to be so powerful that they can create worlds, creatures, and human beings. Here are some quotes about words from writers, poets, political figures, philosophers, and other notable minds. All our words are but crumbs that fall down from the feast of the mind.—Kahlil Gibran (from Sand and Foam) As we must account for every idle word, so must we account for every idle silence.—Benjamin Franklin Be careful of the words you say,Keep them short and sweet.You never know, from day to day,Which ones youll have to eat.—Anonymous A great many people think that polysyllables are a sign of intelligence.—Barbara Walters But words are things, and a small drop of ink,Falling like dew, upon a thought, producesThat which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think.—George Gordon, Lord Byron By words we learn thoughts, and by thoughts we learn life.—Jean Baptiste Girard Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.—Edward Thorndike Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less.—Robert E. Lee For me, words are a form of action, capable of influencing change. Their articulation represents a complete, lived experience.—Ingrid Bengis The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.—Luke 6:45 Good words are worth much, and cost little.—George Herbert However many holy words you read,However many you speak,What good will they do youIf you do not act on upon them?—Buddha I like good strong words that mean something.—Louisa May Alcott (from Little Women) If language is as inextricably tied up with consciousness as it seems to be, then the continuing diminishment of our inclination to use it to express in letters the times in which we live could mean that an element of human consciousness itself is on the verge of disappearing.—Anonymous If words are to enter mens minds and bear fruit, they must be the right words shaped cunningly to pass mens defenses and explode silently and effectually within their minds.—J. B. Phillips If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.—Nelson Mandela If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeams—the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.—Robert Southey In a sense, words are encyclopedias of ignorance because they freeze perceptions at one moment in history and then insist we continue to use these frozen perceptions when we should be doing better.—Edward de Bono It has not been for nothing that the word has remained mans principal toy and tool: without the meanings and values it sustains, all mans other tools would be worthless.—Lewis Mumford It seems to me that those songs that have been any good, I have nothing much to do with the writing of them. The words have just crawled down my sleeve and come out on the page.—Joan Baez Its always a bit of a struggle to get the words right, whether were a Hemingway or a few fathoms below his level.—Rene J. Cappon Kind words are a creative force, a power that concurs in the building up of all that is good, and energy that showers blessings upon the world.—Lawrence G. Lovasik The most valuable of all talents is that of never using two words when one will do.—Thomas Jefferson My task which I am trying to achieve is by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel—it is, before all, to make you see. That—and no more, and it is everything.—Joseph Conrad Often when I write I am trying to make words do the work of line and color. I have the painters sensitivity to light. Much ... of my writing is verbal painting.—Elizabeth Bowen One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you cant utter.—James Earl Jones Our words should be purrs instead of hisses.—Kathrine Palmer Peterson Poetry is a deal of joy and pain and wonder, with a dash of the dictionary.—Kahlil Gibran The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right place but to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment.—Dorothy Nevill The six most important words: I admit I made a mistake.The five most important words: You did a good job.The four most important words: What is your opinion?The three most important words: If you please.The two most important words: Thank you.The one least important word: I.—Anonymous So difficult it is to show the various meanings and imperfections of words when we have nothing else but words to do it with.—John Locke The teachings of elegant sayings should be collected when one can. For the supreme gift of words of wisdom, any price will be paid.—Siddha Nagarjuna To me, the greatest pleasure of writing is not what its about, but the music the words make.—Truman Capote Words are the model, words are the tools, words are the boards, words are the nails.—Richard Rhodes Watch your thoughts, they become your wordsWatch your words, they become your actionsWatch your actions, they become your habitsWatch your habits, they become your characterWatch your character, it becomes your destiny.—Anonymous When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language.—James Earl Jones A word is deadWhen it is said,Some say.I say it justBegins to liveThat day.—Emily Dickinson (A Word is Dead) Words are chameleons, which reflect the color of their environment.—Learned Hand Words are not as satisfactory as we should like them to be, but, like our neighbors, we have got to live with them and must make the best and not the worst of them.—Samuel Butler Words are potent weapons for all causes, good or bad.—Manly Hall Words are the most powerful thing in the universe... Words are containers. They contain faith, or fear, and they produce after their kind.—Charles Capps Words do two major things: They provide food for the mind and create light for understanding and awareness.—Jim Rohn Words, like nature, half reveal and half conceal the soul within.—Alfred, Lord Tennyson Words may show a mans wit, but actions his meaning.—Benjamin Franklin Words—so innocent and powerless as they are, as standing in a dictionary, how potent for good and evil they become, in the hands of one who knows how to combine them!—Nathaniel Hawthorne A writer lives in awe of words for they can be cruel or kind, and they can change their meanings right in front of you. They pick up flavors and odors like butter in a refrigerator.—Anonymous You see these dictators on their pedestals, surrounded by the bayonets of their soldiers and the truncheons of their police. Yet in their hearts there is unspoken—unspeakable!—fear. They are afraid of words and thoughts! Words spoken abroad, thoughts stirring at home, all the more powerful because they are forbidden. These terrify them. A little mouse—a little tiny mouse!—of thought appears in the room, and even the mightiest potentates are thrown into panic.—Winston Churchill

The Cultural Aspects Of Family - 1237 Words

The purpose of this essay will be to look at what is meant by the term ‘family’ and to look at the differences of the term, when we study the family cross culturally. There are many different family forms which I will explore whilst writing this essay, along with the increasing family forms, and how they have changed over time. I will also be studying the cultural aspects of family both in Western and Non Western societies explaining how they differ to western families. ‘Kinship’ is said to be the foundation of the family according to anthropologists, so I will be looking at ‘kinship’ in more detail throughout my essay by looking at different cultures of families and the different kinship systems that they have. I will now examine the meaning of the term ‘family’, before moving onto the different family formations and different cultural meanings of ‘family.’ The meaning of family is constantly changing but despite the changing meanings and differences in different cultures. â€Å"Family is essentially about the solidarities which exist between those who are taken to be related to one another through ties of blood or marriage† (Schneider 1968 cited in Allan and Crow 2001:4). This means that family is all about sharing love and interest and purpose between those who are related to each other through ties of blood or marriage. It is important that we can also relate the term ‘family’ to an Anthropologists perspective, because this will provide us with the wider range ofShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Aspects Of Patients Values, Beliefs, And Practices1231 Words   |  5 Pageschanging in the past decades. 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The primary characteristicsRead MoreHeritage Assessment Assignment1666 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Heritage Assessment and Family Diversity Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V 03/08/2014 Growing up, it never was as apparent that the families and friends that you associated with shared different beliefs, were from different cultures, and were just different from you and from your family. Children do not tend to recognize such differences, but as growing adults it becomes ever apparent that being â€Å"different† and accepting these differences is just a part of

Sales Agreement Sales Agreements - 1219 Words

Sales Agreement THIS SALES AGREEMENT (the â€Å"Agreement†) dated this 17th of December, 2015 BETWEEN: Martin Shimer of Longmont, Denver, Colorado, Raffaele Balzo of Longmont, Denver, Colorado, and Talia Corleone of Longmont, Denver, Colorado, collectively and individually (the â€Å"Seller†) OF THE FIRST PART -AND- Alexander Lima of 2161 Nicholson Dr. , Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Adriana of 2161 Nicholson Dr., Baton Rouge, Louisiana Collectively and individually (the â€Å"Buyer†) OF THE SECOND PART IN CONSIDERATION OF THE COVENANTS and agreements contained in this Sales Agreement the parties to this Agreement agree as follows: 1. Sales of Goods 1.1. The seller will sell, transfer and deliver to the buyer on the or before the 15th day of December, 2015, the following goods (the ‘Goods’): Sundry watches, jewelry, a treasure chest of coins, cell phones, and pill bottles. 2. Purchase Price 2.1. 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Human Dependency on Technology - 510 Words

People have become overly dependent on technology Most of the time they say, us as humans we are becoming extremely dependent on technology on daily basis. However I stoutly oppose those words. It is true that technology can over influence our lives; it is rare to walk into a standard family’s home and find watching a blaring television but on segregated electronic devices it cannot be stated that us as humans would not live without them. The technology we hypothetically rely on today is all relatively new. The immense scientists such as Albert Einstein projected some of the necessary physical sets of laws we live by using nothing but books and his own brainpower (mind). In the olden days people were self-reliant and so they invented things themselves, what are these things that I am talking about? I’m talking about the furniture and clothes that technology simply upgraded. Subsistent farmers still plant crops seasonally and provide food for their family instead of using technology to produce genetically modified crops (GMC), that no one if they have any side effects. We have social networks and the short message service (s.m.s) to send messages quickly but there are still those people who believe in sending each other letters, e.g. in prison convicts use letters to send messages to their loved ones, which increases their skill of writing and reading. We cannot depend on technology and be ignorant when it comes to its bad impacts. Those who know the effects of technology areShow MoreRelatedHuman Dependency on Technology Essays1050 Words   |  5 PagesHumans are now living in an era that’s nothing like the world has ever seen before, the Information era. According to Market Information and Statistics Division, in 2009, an estimated 26 per cent of the world’s population (or 1.7 billion people) were using the Internet. 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Business Strategy and Marketing Channels Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy and Marketing Channels. Answer: Introduction Chick-fil-A has decided to set up business in UK market. As a marketing consultant, an environment study needs to be conducted to highlight the pros and cons for the same. The report does a quick analysis on three of the external environment factors to check whether the market would prove a potential to an already successful Chick-fill-A in UK. It will hence assess the current scenario and make recommendations to create a plan of action. To check the current market potential for Chick-fil-A, external environment analysis was conducted and the factors were weighed in favour of Chick-fil-A to set up in UK. It is for this reason that a detailed PESTEL analysis was conducted. PESTEL analysis is usually the model analysis to be conducted to gauge the environment factors outside the direct control of an organization. The analysis is an audit of the factors which further assists in making strategic decisions. For the purpose of project, three factors such as sociological, technological and environmental were considered for now to research. PESTEL was conducted for UK as macro environment. PESTEL is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal study. It gives a snapshot view of the situations, in terms of external environment and which are out of direct control of the organization; the business might be in. Such an analysis is favourable to conduct to make sure the strategies to conduct business in a new territory by a business firm or to understand the market (Wilson, 2010). Not only that, even in changing market dimension, it is advisable to use this strategic tool periodically to help pick up new trends and make changes in strategy of conducting business. This is because, a change in environment may become a critical situation for the survival of business or may have severe consequences if modifications are not made accordingly. Advantages Disadvantages Simple, easy to use framework Users tend to simplify the already simplified information and may take important highlights lightly Uses cross functional skills and expertise by different business heads Organizations deter from conducting the analysis periodically and do not invest in it Reduces threats and potential impacts from the environment Too much information sends users to confusion, stress and paralysis by analysis forgetting the objective of the tool Encourages careful planning and developmental execution of strategic decisions The process is time consuming and requires investment, organizations leave out key people, hence the analysis as well as the decisions may not turn out to be effective as there are missing perspectives Acts as a tool to identify new opportunities and utilize them Owing to the cost and the time required for analysis access to strategic information may be restricted Helps understand the implications of entering new markets Data uncovered is mostly assumptions, use is subjective PESTEL analysis results do not prove to be fruitful in the long run. Also, only considering the macro environment to analyse the threats or barriers to setting up business is not useful or complete (Steenkamp, 2017). United Kingdom stands out to be one of the largest economies in EU. It is the strongest in social welfare and standard of living. It has a very strong democratic system, however, owing to them following a Westminster system in politics, equal distribution of power between, departments led by prime minister, their judiciary and bicameral legislature often causes friction. Then, there is the concern of rising debt of the Government. With respect to Chick-fil-A, analysis of environment was conducted for Social, Technology and Environmental factors to see the feasibility of the brand to set up business in UK. Some of the social factors that were taken into consideration are: Distribution of age Population growth Employment percentage Income levels Education/career level Religious inclinations Cultural/social conventions UK has high social standards which make it an overall all around better environment to conducting business. UK also has strong education infrastructure in place. It has history supporting the fact and that even today it attracts students from across the globe. It has around 170 universities and higher education institutes, including 3 ranking among the worlds top 3. Its healthcare proves to be one of the most successful social welfare venture. Owing to evolving technology and private sector involvement, it has become a strong opportunity point for UK (Key et al. 2017, p. 593). UK has high public expenditure on this front and owing to that it maintains efficiency and quality as well. Some of the challenges are child poverty and high dependency ratio. Government has made a target to eliminate child poverty by 2020 and in the last decade has taken up considerable measures to reduce the percentage. Today, it stands 16th in world rankings amongst OECD countries. Owing to the recent global recession, income levels have further dropped and the dependency ratio has increased. UK is tackling the matter with managed immigration tools (Ganguly et al. 2017, p. 1750016). The positives of this environment are: Many Free public services such as medical etc. Densely populated Cosmopolitan environment, a good mix of migrants ensure there is cheap workforce available Standard of living is high Negatives of this environment are: Dependency ratio is high and increasing Some migrant and ethnic groups create unrest Education costs are steep UK faces challenges though in maintaining the levels of public services it has to offer. Scarcity of funds makes it difficult for it to maintain the services For Chick-fil-A, this means that this may be a fair to conducive environment for conducting business as: Cheap workforce would be available as staff for conducting business Since standard of living is high, people may not face issues with pricing With a mixed ethnicity in population, tastes of people drawn towards the products and services of Chick-fil-A may turn out good with may be moderation in its menu to suit the taste of UK people Population is high means there may be wide market to cater to Since the education costs are high, staff education requirements for hiring may have to be relaxed at higher positions Training exercises need to be more rigorous Dependency ratio higher could mean more children or senior in a family, there may be budget constraints when opting for the product, some product offering prices may need to be customized In terms of technological factor, it could be divided into manufacturing and infrastructure. Some of the activities under technological factors play a big role in gaining or losing market share such as: Automation Cost savings Incentives Improved process and end product Measures to cut costs and improved flexibility Changes in technological factors could change the way competitors conduct business, affects pricing and rate at which goods or services are being offered. It is highly capable of impacting business on a big scale (Johansson and Kask, 2017, p.331). UK is a MEDC (More Economically Developed Country) and has access to good technology. However, a point to be noted is that there is a considerable decline in number of patent applications. This may be pointing towards declining technological competitiveness for UK in future. Currently, UK is picking up in adoption and RD of lot of new upcoming technologies like nanotechnology, space tourism, renewable energy etc. despite being high on investment and uncertainty filled returns, persistent companies may find a breakthrough (Keegan and Rowley, 2017, p. 127). So, there is tremendous scope for new industries owing to a strong technology base prevalent in the nation. Innovation skills Good quality standards Advanced in Science and Technology Intellectual Property Rights laws are in place and effectively managed by the Govt. Internal competition stimulates growth For Chick-fil-A the positives and the negatives point towards an advantage it has owing to its origin in US. It has access to advanced technology than UK and its quality and innovation standards are better. Owing to this, it stands a good chance for conducting business in UK (Nath and Mahajan, 2017, p.99). Also, social media has given business across the globe a new edge. With the opportunity of free communication with consumers, social media today takes the marketing to a whole new level of transparency. Chick-fil-A has a huge following on social media in US. It requires repeating the strategy, albeit with modification to UK sentiments, and could create a similar engagement with UK (Line and Wang, 2017, p. 127). In terms of environmental factors, some of the aspects to be considered are: Environmental Ecological Regulations Sustainability Adverse weather impacts Carbon footprint policies It is to be noted that UK has a very strong influence towards environmental issues. UK is a global power in industrialization, with its ties with large many countries, powerful influence on Commonwealth, membership of G8 often obtains commitments from countries not so developed who do not want to forego their ambitions for growth and development in return for protection of environment. However, itself, it faces high levels of pollution, mostly affecting London, Glasgow, Manchester and Birmingham. When talking about renewable energy market, UK has been promising and has shown good CAGR unlike France and Germany, who have been meagre in their performance in this field. Also, the carbon footprint in the country is declining (Helo et al. 2017, p. 38). Hence to sum up, UKs current strengths are strong global influence and good track record in implementation of policies while challenge is already high air pollution. One of the future risks on this front is its ability to balance out the economic developments with environment protection policies. Hope is with evolving technological advancements happening in the nation, it may find a balancing point. Also, since the decline in industrial sector, it has already affected the environment by putting less pressure on it. What it could mean for Chick-fil-A is adhering to strict environment protection laws. US already has strict environment protection laws existent to which Chick-fil-A adheres to, moderation on some technicalities may be needed but this does not pose to be a threat to organization (Burford and Chan, 2017, p. 155). Critical Evaluation As a management consultant, responsibility covers the thorough analysis of the environment and shed light to vital points that could impact the business of the organization. To start with, post BREXIT, UK negotiation powers are decreased. Like Canada negotiating with US. Europe is still a big part of market for UK (Benyoussef and Zaiem, 2017, p. 337). Brexit means, UK now could have its own negotiations and deals with non-EU countries. UK has a high potential as a market. With its policy of managed migrations it is trying its level best to combat high dependency ratio of the country suffering with an aging population. It has a large consumer and B2B base, specifically strong in high technology sectors (Felix et al. 2017, p. 121). Education is fine in UK with its education levels revered across the globe despite being pricey. UK market turns out to be few of the most rewarding and interesting ones. There is high competition in UK and every global start-up has a spot in UK. Entrepreneu rs are flocking to London to make best use of its every evolving market. PESTLE analysis of UK as a market seems inadequate by itself (Keegan and Rowley, 2017, p. 451). The PESTLE analysis audits the environmental factors but the factors are so dynamic and fast changing. It is quite tricky to predict why and how the factors may affect the business. This implies that despite thorough analysis, there could still be level of uncertainty which undermines its very requirement to rule out the uncertainties. Also, it is difficult to just present a simple list of factors that could affect the project. It is necessary to evaluate the impact in detail to point out the implications appropriately. The accuracy of PESTEL analysis is mostly dependent of the details of data collected, how reliable it is and how much accurate. This is a time and cost consuming process (Harker and Bennan, 2017, p. 831). The analysis conducted for UK turns out to be still incomplete as only three factors were evaluated. Detailed study needs to be conducted and mapped to the organizations current functions to check the value of impact. Chick-fill-A needs to have detailed reports procured even in the three contexts in which the report presents itself (French, 2017, p. 29). In terms of social impact, UK declining working age group may be of concern however dependency ratio is not an accurate indicator of social age map. Further research requires to be done. Even in terms of environment protection policy, proper mapping requires to be done to understand the additional investment that may be required (Paladines et al. 2017, p. 215) Even in terms of technology, even though UK is far behind US in its innovation, UK has high standards of RD in it country and it may prove to be beneficial to Chick-fil-A. Overall, the findings point toward a good business centre potential for Chick-fil-A but whether it should set up business in the country requires further research and digging to know the complete picture and any strategic decision should be put on hold till it is clear (Line and Wang, 2017, p. 127). It is also important to point out that along with analysis of macro environment, Chick-fil-A should also invest to find out shortcomings and opportunities in its internal environment to get a complete picture of the barriers that could present itself while setting up business in UK. A thorough analysis of competitors and actions in the same industry in UK is also recommended. Recommendations Some of the recommendations that would like to present to management are: Owing to a high dependency ratio certain changes in pricing structure could be made Locations which are low on social unrest history could be picked up for safer environment to conduct business Since there is a cosmopolitan society and mostly posh lifestyle, targeting public with customized or suitably modified offering in terms of products and services for events could be a great idea Environment factors need to be checked thoroughly and suitable arrangements if needed needs to be made for lower carbon footprint as the nation is inclined towards innovation and application of renewable energy Could essentially prove to be a good halt before venturing out into further EU territories as UK is the biggest market in EU Other analysis, along with PESTEL to be conducted like Porters five forces model, STEEP etc. Internal environment analysis should be conducted by Chick-fil-A Competitors analysis should also be conducted Conclusion So, in the end, considering the analysis conducted on 3 factors from the macro environment i.e. technology, social factors and environment policies, the analysis points out towards the following: Aging population, religious differences and ethic friction are a rising concern, its only advantage is the literacy rate Amongst other EU member countries, UK, when it was a part of EU fared well and above average among most members in terms of innovation and technology. Post Brexit, effects are still to be noticed but the knowledge remain its capacity. That should act as good brace for Chick-fil-A Since 90s, UK has fared good in terms of pollution check and handling environmental pressure. This could be one of the good indicators and may or may not pose to be a barrier to entry in market. US already has good and strong federal laws in place for environment protection. Hence, this may not be a new challenge for Chick-fil-A Reference List Steenkamp, J.B., 2017.Global Brand Strategy: World-wise Marketing in the Age of Branding. Springer. Wilson, R.M., 2010.Strategic marketing planning. Routledge. Benyoussef Zghidi, A. and Zaiem, I., 2017. Service orientation as a strategic marketing tool: The moderating effect of business sector.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,27(1), pp. 333-367 Burford, M.R. and Chan, K., 2017. Refining a strategic marketing course: Is a flipa good fit?.Journal of Strategic Marketing,25(2), pp.152-163. Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P.A. and Hinsch, C., 2017. Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework.Journal of Business Research,70, pp.118-126. French, J., 2017. The Importance of Segmentation in Social Marketing Strategy. InSegmentation in Social Marketing(pp. 25-40). Springer Singapore. Ganguly, A., Das, N. and Farr, J.V., 2017. The Role of Marketing Strategies in Successful Disruptive Technologies.International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, p.1750016. Harker, M.J. and Bennan, R., 2017. The strategy and tactics of cases in marketing education. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientationsin a Dynamic Business World(pp. 826-829). Springer, Cham. Helo, P., Gunasekaran, A. and Rymaszewska, A., 2017. Improving Marketing and Operations Strategy Through Industrial Services. InDesigning and Managing Industrial Product-Service Systems(pp. 37-42). Springer International Publishing. Johansson, T. and Kask, J., 2017. Configurations of business strategy and marketing channels for e-commerce and traditional retail formats: A Qualitative Comparison Analysis (QCA) in sporting goods retailing.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,34, pp.326-333. Keegan, B.J. and Rowley, J., 2017. Evaluation and decision-making in social media marketing.Management Decision,55(1), pp. 123-489 Key, M., Clark, T., Feng, S., Ferrell, O.C., Price, L., Stewart, D. and Rajaratnam, D., 2017. Is the Marketing Function Influential or Not? We Should Really Be the Ones to Know!. InCreating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends(pp. 591-594). Springer, Cham. Line, N.D. and Wang, Y., 2017. Market-Oriented Destination Marketing: An Operationalization.Journal of Travel Research,56(1), pp.122-135. Nath, P. and Mahajan, V., 2017. Shedding light on the CMO revolving door: a study of the antecedents of Chief Marketing Officer turnover.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(1), pp.93-118. Paladines, F., Tandazo, C.G. and Fernndez, V.A.M., 2017. The Situation of Digital Strategic Communication in Ecuador and Other Countries in Latin America: The Management of the Community Manager. InMedia and Metamedia Management(pp. 213-219). Springer International Publishing. Chick-fil-A. (2017).Who We Are. Available at: https://www.chick-fil-a.com/About/Who-We-Are [Accessed 1 May 2017].

Women in Textile Industry Supply Chain Management

Question: Provide an analysis of the business environment of the firm. You should consider the main competitors and their competitive position; market details (value; share etc.); current trends in the market; future trends in the market (Attractiveness of the industry). Provide an internal analysis of the firm giving details of its current strategic position and tactics. You should also consider the resources and capabilities of the firm and how they impact upon the success or otherwise of the firm (Distinctiveness of the firm).? Answer: Introduction The textile industry is focused on the production of yarn, clothing and the distribution of these products to the industry retailers. The raw materials include natural or synthetic products provided b y the chemical industry. In the Victorian period the textile industry was at the centre of expansion of United Kingdom (Baluchamy 2012). The technological advancement helped in production of cotton and wools, dyestuffs and silks at the unprecedented rates, which results in export of the textile goods throughout the empire. The advertisement from 1880 viewed the array of fabrics, which were available for clothing. From the recent reports, the manufacturing textile and clothing industry in UK is commercially viable and supporting the UK textile manufacturing with the huge potential for the industry. The manufacturing in textile industry is not much expensive, in this industry the mid-priced to the expensive fashion items can be profitable to manufacture in United Kingdom (Choi 2012). Howe ver there are some issues related to the labor factors, but the supply chain factors can offset these issues. Within UK textile industry, the Lancashire Textile Ltd. is one of the important textile companies which are situated in Burnley. The company is situated in the historical textile manufacturing town in Lancashire. The company has more than hundred years of experience in the textile industry and the reports specify the superior quality goods by the company. The company supplies superior quality textile products which include mattress toppers, cushions, bed linen, home accessories, duvets, pillows etc. In this assignment, the inter analysis of the company and the external analysis of the textile industry of UK textile industry would be discussed. Analysis of the Industry Trends With the rapid change in international trade agreements the textile industry is also changing its trends and customer values. Clothing and textile industry is a chief part of world trade. The textile industry updates the latest trends on the basis of the customers demand and by fulfilling their requirements. Technology improvement- The advanced technology is supporting the growth of the industry. The technology innovation provides ways for producing longer fibers from used textiles. The technology innovation like 3D knitting, weaving is leading to economically viable textile production in UK with increased responsiveness (Black 2012). Customer preference- The UK textile industrys one of the most important trend is customer preference. Industry players are more concerned with their customers fast fashion or rapid change in fashion demand. The new flexible technology like knitting and CAD allows the production to take place in joint facility. It involves customers in designing clothes, thereby fulfilling their requirements (Damianov and Germanova-Krasteva 2013). Environment control- Advanced technologies has also contributed to the environmental benefits. With advanced technologies and research, UK textile industry has been using equipments which are not incorporating harsh effect to the environment. The involvement of UK in negotiation of international agreements on trade is used for promoting environmental responsibility. Working condition- With the continuous innovation of technology, the working conditions has also been improved in UK textile industry. It has decreased the labor intensity and helped in rapid delivery. The automated equipments used in the textile industry has been made the working condition flexible for the workers (Gleba and Mannering 2012). Key Drivers The key drivers of a business are the resources and procedures, which are essential for the continuous growth, success and sustainability of a business. An organization should identify the key drivers for undertaking attempts for maximizing these conditions, thus extending the profitability and success of the organization. The key drivers of an industry influence and affect significantly to each organization in the industry. Therefore, it is important to analyze the ley drivers of UK textile industry in this context. Globalization- The global scenario of the UK textile industry is becoming potential for high profit and innovative products. With the globalization, working condition is improving under international pressure. It is the key driver of economic growth of the industry. The UK textile industry is growing rapidly. The industry has their manufacturing units in India and China, where they are able to produce goods at low rate and the outsourcing is being profitable to the corporate units monetarily. Employment Opportunity- The reports in last year suggested 5000 jobs, which would be able to add 15000 more by 2020 with opportunities in traditional areas like knitting, spinning, weaving. UK industry is establishing their manufacturing units in the developing countries like China, India, where millions of job opportunities are getting available. Supply chain- With emerging demands of customers in short time, manufacturers are more concern with longer and complex supply chains. The retailers in industry investing in direct manufacturing supply capability with few suppliers (Hines and Bruce 2012). The supply chain is a key driver, as the rapidly changing environment of the organization is being changed, real product innovation based on new fibers are focusing more on fragmentation of retail structure to supply specialist products and service Government and Regulation- The sustainable development of the industry is related to government influence. International government bodies are influencing the growth of the sector. The eco-friendly fiber, import and export of clothing and fashion substances related legislations and regulations as well as health and safety acts are providing the guidance to the textile industry members to run their business sustainably. Power Threat of new entrants- It is low for the UK textile industry as the cost of maintaining sustainable business is high enough with use of technology advancement Suppliers- Bargaining power of supplier is weak here, as the industry contains a large number of suppliers, as a result the power is low Buyers- The bargaining power of customers are high enough, as with the rapid changing customers demand, textile industry players attempt to address the demand and attempt to satisfy them. Substitutes- The threat of substitute products are moderate, as a number of eco-friendly options are emerging, but people are not familiar with those options (Purushothama 2013). Rivalry- The internal competition is low as this industry needs huge investment, but external rivalry level is high from the developing countries including Bangladesh, India. Attractiveness The use of new industrial robotics reduced expensive labor cost, thereby making the industry attractive. Use of automatic made-to-measure clothes are economically attractive and facilitates technologies Recycling of manufacturing fibers reducing the energy production Customer-focused production also attracts them Rapid globalization and increased employment opportunities (Shishoo 2012) Internal Analysis of the Firm Core competence The core competence is achieved by the company during achievements of skills, activities, resources in asset for delivering value and differentiation in the business from the competitors and development. Customer Value- The Company gives value to their customers requirements with technology advancement. The customers perception and demands are being prioritized, according to which the manufacturing and production is being influenced. Competitor differentiation- The Company provides innovative products, which are unique in nature. The products are differentiated from the competitors by using eco-friendly raw materials with 3D knitting technology including (Zhang and Jin 2012). Extendable- As the customers buying trends are fastly changing, the company is extending their products base with research and development. With more customer-friendly products innovations, the range of clothing and other staffs are being included in organizational product range. Resources- With the rapid technology advancement, demand for human resource has been reduced in the industry, as the company adapts automated manufacturing machines. The research and development departments are using advanced techniques transforming the innovative ideas to create eco-friendly fibers with art machineries (The Huffington Post UK 2016). Value chain- With both inbound and outbound logistics activities the manufacturing and inventory activities are going in right direction, therefore they are delivering products in right time at right place. The products quality is carefully checked after manufacturing and storing. VRIN Analysis Core competence V (Valuable) R (Rare) I (costly to initiate) N (Non-sustainability) Competitive Advantage Customer Value Yes (helping profit expansion by giving preferences to customers specific requirements) Yes (Valuing customers choice in each sector of their production and sales is not done all others company) Yes (involvement of new requirement in existing product features would need huge cost) Yes (These new requirements are sometimes costly, so it is difficult to maintain these in business all the time) Yes Competitor differentiation Yes (Add value to the customer service) No (Companies attempt to differentiate their product range to compete with their competitors) Yes (To develop differentiated products, huge cost is needed) No (Product differentiation based on competitor can be sustainable as it enhances brand value) Yes Extendable Yes (Extended research would help to develop more customer focused products) No (Most of the companies has Research and development team, making innovative and extended range of products) Yes (for having strong research and development the company have to invest a lot) Yes (Sustainability cannot be achieved through other departments than research and development) Yes Value chain Yes (The logistic activities and inventory manufacturing activities are valuable) No (Most of the companies are operating their unique value chains) Yes (For highly innovative logistics and huge cost is required) No (It can be sustained with appropriate regulation and reviewing process) Yes Competitive Advantage The company is known to create timeless classics on enduring appeal. They are gaining competitive advantages by using nanotechnology with innovative techniques for producing fine fibers for their unique products. The company has no delivery issues; they are giving enough effort to provide right service to the right customers at right time. High quality products, international business and innovative products are differentiating the companys products, thereby providing competitive advantage (Lancashiretextiles.co.uk 2016). Distinctiveness Strong brand image, strong research and development, involvement of innovative technologies and unique quality with appropriate supply chain management is making the brand distinct from others. The company is providing versatile products also (Lancashiretextilesltd.com 2016). Conclusion After analyzing the selected industry in UK it is revealed that, textile industry has been achieved huge success and profit. The textile industry is one of the most important industries in terms of export and import. The analysis of UK textile industry revealed that, advancement of technology has been playing a major role in its huge success. The analysis of UK customer trends revealed that consumers are rapidly changing their purchase requirements and the industry has to compete with the new demands of the customers. However the innovative technologies and high amount of research and development made the industry competent to fulfill all the requirements of the customers. The industry analysis revealed that the customer-based production with the help of innovative techniques is helping the firms to make more profit. On the other hand, the Lancashire textile Ltd. revealed is providing unique and attractive products to the customers with best quality. The company is providing versatil e products to the customers. It can be concluded that, with innovative technologies and well-management within the organization, the textile company can be competent to be profitable by meeting all the requirements of customers. Reference List Baluchamy, S., 2012. Women in textile industry. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. Black, S., 2012. Knitting. London: V A Pub. Choi, T., 2012. Fashion supply chain management. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Damianov, G. and Germanova-Krasteva, D., 2013. Textile processes. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Momentum Press. Gleba, M. and Mannering, U.,2012. Textiles and textile production in Europe from prehistory to AD 400. Hines, T. and Bruce, M., 2012. Fashion Marketing. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Lancashiretextiles.co.uk, 2016. Lancashire Textiles. [online] Available at: https://www.lancashiretextiles.co.uk/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2016]. Lancashiretextilesltd.com, 2016. Our Services - Lancashire Textile Ltd.. [online] Available at: https://lancashiretextilesltd.com/services.htm [Accessed 15 Jan. 2016]. Purushothama, B. 2013. Training and development of technical staff in the textile industry. Shishoo, R., 2012. The global textile and clothing industry. Oxford: Woodhead Pub. The Huffington Post UK, 2016. 10 Facts About The UK Fashion And Textiles Industry You Didn't Know. [online] Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/08/14/10-facts-about-the-uk-fashion-and-textiles-industry-you-didn-t-know_n_7333834.html [Accessed 15 Jan. 2016]. Zhang, H. and Jin, D., 2012. Applied mechanics, materials, industry and manufacturing engineering. Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications.

Maritime Port Security free essay sample

Prompted by the US, the IMO agreed to make security amendments to he Safety of Life at Sea Convention 1974 (SOLAS). Parties to the IMO and SOLAS convention finalized these amendments at a diplomatic held at the IMO in December 2002 in London. In the diplomatic conference, it was agreed upon that maritime security measures will be accepted internationally by January 1, 2004, and in force six months later by July 1, 2004 worldwide. As a result of this agreement, the International Ship and Port Facility Code (ISPS) was drafted containing the amendments and complimentary provisions to the SOLAS. The ISPS was included as an Annex to Chapter Xl-2 of the SOLAS Convention. The new security code is the first multilateral ship and port security standard ever created. It requires nations to develop port and ship security plans primarily as a safeguard against the threat of terrorist attacks. It also provides for a standard framework in helping governments to evaluate risks in case of threat to ship and port facilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Maritime Port Security or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The ISPS applies to all passenger ships on international voyages, to all other ships over 500 G on international voyages, and all port facilities serving ships on international voyages (Peppinck, 2003; US Department of Homeland Security, 2003). The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (MTSA) is considered as the US equivalent of the ISPS. It is the US response to the security amendments required by the SOLAS and its complementary ISPS. The purpose of the Bill is to strengthen and add additional defense to the United States (US) port security. The Bill was designed primarily to protect the US ports and waterways from terrorist attacks. MTSA was signed on November 25, 2002. In July 1, 2003, the temporary interim rules for the Act was published, as well as the effective date of regulations. In the same month, a ublic meeting was held in Washington, D. C. , and the deadline for submission of written comments on MTSA was set. On October 22, 2003, the publication of the final on November 22, 2003. The Act was finally fully implemented on July 1, 2004 (US Department of Homeland Security, 2003; United States Coast Guards, 2006). . Review of Previous Legislation: The Need for MTSA MTSA was enacted pursuant to the ISPS Code, which is considered as the first multilateral ship and port security standard created. Since MTSA complies with the standards and requirements of the ISPS, the ACT is considered as the first specific egislation addressing port and maritime security in the US. Apart from the MTSA, however, Section 89, Title 14 o f the United States Code authorizes the US Coast Guard to board any vessel subject to Jurisdiction of the US, or subject to US Jurisdiction by operation of any law. The Coast Guards have the right to make inquiries, examinations, searches and seizures on board vessels if in violation of US laws. The Coast Guards are likewise allowed to engage in land, water, and air patrols, as well as to order any vessel to stop if it falls within their Jurisdiction. However, what federal law provides is control over the anchorage and movement of vessels in navigable waters of the US. Ship and port security standards were not expressly specified as within the power of the Coast Guard (The Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, 2001). The Secretary of Transportation also has the broad authority to regulate the movement and operation of vessels subject to US Jurisdiction, as provided in the Ports and Waterway Safety Act (PWSA). The Act also authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to respond to terrorist acts against vessels and waterfront facilities, as ell as to investigate any incident that causes damage to waterfront facilities or affects the safety of US ports. Under the Secretarys authority, a vessels clearance to entry in the US may be refused or revoked upon violation of the PWSA (The Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, 2001). The Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 expanded the authority of the Coast Guard. This law was enacted in response to an incident wherein a US citizen was killed when a passenger vessel, Achille Lauro, was seized by terrorists in 1985. To protect passenger vessels and passenger terminals from errorist attacks, the US Congress constituted Title Xl of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act as the International Maritime and Port Security Act. Title Xl requires the Coast Guard to establish measures to prevent and respond to terrorist attacks, as well as to establish security and safety zones. Passenger vessels and passenger terminal operators are also required under this Act to develop contingency plans for security measures against terrorist acts, subject to examination and approval by the Coast Guard. However, this Act does not cover cargo vessels and erminals. The foreign port assessments are coordinated between the Department of State and the cruise ship industry. In 2000, only two assessments for safety and security plans were conducted (The Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, 2001 The National Infrastructure Security Committee (NISC) of the US Department of Transportation was created after September 1 1, and is charged with the responsibility of focusing on intermodal security issues and to ensure coordination of the Departments security work across all modes of transportation. Direct Action egulatory and diplomatic initiatives for each mode of transportation. S. 214, The Port, Maritime, and Rail Security Act of 2001 , was introduced by Senator Hollings of South Carolina, as a new paradigm in maritime and port security in the US. In discussing these initiatives, then Secretary of Transportation, Norman Mineta, in a Statement before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, discussed that focusing exclusively on security at ports is not enough. A comprehensive approach that looks beyond ports and port f acilities, embracing the entire marine transportation system, is crucial. It should involve not only large seaports but smaller ports as well as ports of all sizes handling bulk cargoes, and the security of coastal waters and inland waterways (Mineta, 2001). Admiral James M. Loy, on the same occasion before the Subcommittee on the Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, had this to say on the US port and maritime security strategy: While effective homeland security is built upon the principles of awareness, prevention, response, and consequence management, the primary objectives are awareness and prevention. Awareness helps focus resources and provides efficiency to prevention. Prevention places a premium on awareness, detecting, identifying, and tracking threats to our homeland security. However, once terrorists or the means of terrorism are on the move towards or within the United States, the nation must have the means to detect and intercept them before they reach our borders and our transportation system. While there are no guarantees, there is good reason to believe that we can improve our national ability to detect potential threats in or to transportation through effective use of information that is, toa great extent, already available. (Loy, 2001). Admiral Loy further stresses that, maritime trade, which is critical to this countrys economic strength, continues to move through ports with minimal interruption. It is no surprise that sustaining mobility will come at a higher cost to all of us. But the reality is that we live in a country that prides itself on the openness of its democracy, so we remain at risk to attacks of terrorism. It is incumbent upon our government to minimize this risk (Loy, 2001). MTSA fills in the gaps of these other past legislations and responds to the need for a more comprehensive approach towards port and maritime security in the US. Based on S. 1214 as earlier introduced by Senator Hollings, MTSA requires vessels and port facilities to conduct vulnerability assessments and to develop security plans that cover passenger, vehicle, and baggage screening procedures. The powers of the Coast Guard under PWSA, involving establishing security patrols, establishing security and safety areas, and to access control measures were deemed incorporated into the MTSA. Unlike the International Maritime and Port Security Act however, the MTSA is not limited to passenger vessels and passenger operator terminals. Its cope and security regulations cover sectors of maritime industry with higher risk of involvement in transportation security incident, and includes not only large passenger vessels, but also various tank vessels, barges, large passenger vessels, cargo vessels, towing vessels, offshore oil and gas platforms, and port facilities handling certain kinds of dangerous cargo or service. MTSA, incorporating the role of NISC, also requires the establishment of committees in all the nations ports in order local and state agencies and industries, as well as the boating public. These ommittees, called the Area Maritime Security Committees, performs much of the same tasks as NISC, with the primary responsibility of developing plans so that resources in the committees particular area are best equipped and utilized to prevent and respond to terrorist threats and attacks (United States Coast Guards, 2006). 3. Summary of Pertinent Provisions of the MTSA The MTSA was intended with the primary purpose of establishing a program to ensure greater security for US seaports. It requires the Secretary of Transportation to establish a vessel identification plan wherein vessel types and US port facilities hat pose a high risk of being involved in a transportation security incident must be identified. The incident as covered by this Act pertains to one that involves significant loss of life, environmental damage, transportation system disruption, or economic disruption in a particular area. The Secretary is likewise responsible for assessing the vulnerability of US port facilities and vessels that may be involved in any of the abovementioned transportation security incidents. In addition to vessel identification and vulnerability assessment, the Secretary of Transportation is equired to develop a plan called the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, which should prevent and respond to any transportation security incident. The plan requires for the coordination of federal, state, and local government agencies. Consistent with the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, owner and operators of vessels or facilities are likewise required to submit their own vessel or facility security plan to prevent and respond to transportation security incidents. These plans are subject to the examination and approval of the Secretary of Transportation. The Secretary likewise needs to establish security incident response plans for vessels and facilities involved in transportation security incidents. The Secretary of Transportation is also required to assess the effectiveness of antiterrorism measures in specified foreign ports (MTSA, S 102) The Secretary of Transportation may also deny admission, or removal, of an individual from the US if the individual poses as terrorism security risk to the nation. Otherwise, a qualified individual may be issued a transportation security card for entry into secured areas for vessels or facilities. The Secretary can also establish criteria for denial of admission to the US and can direct the Attorney General to perform background checks on individuals seeking entry into the US. Likewise, the Secretary is authorized to deny entry of vessels from foreign ports with ineffective antiterrorism measures or not maintaining effective antiterrorism measures (MTSA, S 102). In addition, the Secretary is tasked with coordinating with the US Coast Guard in developing an international agreement that provides for a uniform, comprehensive, international system for identification of seafarers that will allow the US and another country to establish the identity of any seafarer on a vessel within the US waters or such other country involved (MTSA, S 103). To help in implementation, the Secretary of Transportation is tasked with the establishment of maritime safety and security teams. The scope for these teams is protection of vessels, harbors, ports, facilities, and cargo in US waters. The Secretary is also tasked with implementing a system to collect and analyze information on relating to the vessels crew, passengers, cargo and intermodal shipments. Specified vessels operating in the navigable waters of the US are also required to be equipped ith Automatic Identification Systems (AS) (MTSA, S 102). In summary, pursuant to the MTSA, the Secretary of Transportation is required to implement measures for vessel identification, information collection, vulnerability assessment and to establish security plans for the nations ports and specified foreign ports. Violations of the requirements in this section gives the secretary authority to set forth civil penalties. The MTSA also served to amend past legislation. Section 104 of the Act provides that MTSA amends federal law to extend the Jurisdiction of the US to include all aters of the territorial sea as described in Presidential Proclamation 5928. The Ports and Waterways Safety Act (PWSA), which was earlier discussed in this paper, was also amended to authorize the use of qualified armed Coast Guard personnel to serve as sea marshal on vessel and public or commercial structures which are on or are adjacent to the US. These sea marshals have the duty of preventing or responding to terrorist acts or transportation security incidents (MTSA, S 107). The International Maritime and Port Security Act, which was also earlier discussed as Title Xl of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act, was also amended to require an annual report to be submitted to Congress on threats of terrorism to US ports and vessels. Such an annual report is also supposed to contain an analysis of the effectiveness of maritime transportation security activities under MTSA regarding port security against terrorist attacks (MTSA, S 110). The MTSA has also touched on the authority of the Coast Guard. They are now authorized to conduct marine casualty investigations involving foreign vessels in areas outside US territorial waters. Such authority is consistent with practices and procedures of international law (MTSA, 423). The Act also amends the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act to permit the Coast Guards drug interdiction Jurisdiction to extend to 24 nautical miles from US shores. This constitutes the outer limit of the US contiguous zone. The MTSA also provides for circumstances under which the US Government may legally seize a vessel involved in illicit drug smuggling (MTSA, S 418). One major strength of the MTSA is that, as landmark legislation, it provides for a standard for US ship and port security which is pursuant to one world standard for hip and port security as pursuant to the ISPS Code. The US no longer has to rely on a patchwork of security procedures since there is a comprehensive set of standards that the international community must adhere to (Ridge, 2004). In his Remarks delivered at the Port of Los Angeles, Secretary Tom Ridge stated: This will help create a culture of security at ports around the world and mandate specific improvements (2004). The vessel identification system required by MTSA will allow the US to regulate the entry of vessels, as well as its passengers, crew, and cargo before allowing their ntry into the US. Vulnerability assessment should also help port facilities and vessel owners and operators to evaluate their risks to transportation security incidents and terrorist attacks. The gathering of maritime information will allow the US to analysis make a port vulnerable to such incidents. The action plans required by the MTSA also calls for harbor areas to take affirmative steps in ensuring they comply with security and safety requirements, as well as to coordinate among federal and local agencies, as well as other maritime stakeholders. There is thus a Joint, nationwide ffort to fortify our ports and to protect the nation from potential terrorist attack. Basically, the obvious strength of the MTSA is that it calls for verification in the entry of vessels, foreign or domestic, into US ports. This allows the US to prevent and regulate terrorist threats to the country. Another important strength of the MTSA is that it calls for security plans and assessments which are pertinent per port or harbor area. US ports are not required to follow one strict security plan. Assessments and action plans are designed according to meet the unique security and safety needs for each specific port (Ridge, 004). Critiques of the legislation in related literature have identified three weaknesses of MTSA which relate primarily to security issues. The three weaknesses are as follows: 1) the limited number of ports that will be covered by the MTSA vessel identification system requirement; 2) the scope and quality of the port security assessments pertaining to vulnerability assessments; 3) Coast Guards intention of not individually approving security plans for foreign vessels (Wrightson, 2003). The AS, or automatic identification system, to be developed for vessel dentification system (MTSA, S 102) requires the Coast Guard to implement a process that allows port officials and other vessels to identify the identity and position of vessels entering or operating within their respective harbor area, as an early warning of unidentified vessels or vessels which are not in a location. The problem with implementing such a system is that it requires considerable land-based equipment and infrastructure which are not currently available in many ports across the US. Studies forecast that the AIS will be available in less than half of the 25 busiest ports in the nation (Wrightson, 2003, p. ). The second weakness in MTSA, which was apparent after examination and review by United States General Accounting Office (GAO), pertains to the scope and quality of the vulnerability assessments required by the Act for every port facility and vessel owners and operators regarding transportation security incidents (MTSA, S 102). In a Testimony before the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on September 9, 2003, Margaret Wrightson, Director for Homeland Security and Justice Issues, said: As part our work, we have interviewed port stakeholders to obtain their views on the process. At one port, where the assessment has been completed and the report issued, stakeholders said they had not been given an opportunity to comment on the report, which contained factual errors and did not include an assessment of railroads and the local power generating plant. At the other port, where the assessment was still in process, local Coast Guard personnel and port stakeholders noted that a survey instrument referred to the wrong port, asked questions they regarded as not pertaining to security, and was conducted in ways that raised concerns about credibility. Many of these stakeholders saw little sefulness in the assessments, believing that they added little to what the reviews of individual facilities or installations. They said the assessments focused on the same systems that had already been reviewed and would have greater value if they were focused on matters that had not already been thoroughly studied, such as the potential for waterborne assault (Wrightson, 2003, pp. 9-10). The usefulness and accuracy of such vulnerability assessments have been criticized extensively by those required to participate in such assessments. In addition to quality of such assessments, according to Wrightson, the costs for these ssessments are also extremely high. Most assessments have been conducted only at medium-sized ports in the US, and even at each port the costs per assessment is estimated at $ 1 million or more (Wrightson, 2003, p. 10). Given the cost and the questions as to the usefulness of such assessments, implementing this requirement of the MTSA continues to be a struggle and ineffective today. The third issue pertains to the vessel security plans required for all vessels operating in US waters. These security plans, subject to review and approval by the Secretary of Transportation, must comply with MTSA requirements. According to Wrightson, to implement this requirement, the US Coast Guard has stated that it does not have the intent to individually approve vessel security plans for foreign vessels. The Coast Guard provides that flag state approval of a vessel security plan constitutes compliance with the MTSA requirement of MTSA vessel security plans. Unfortunately, MTSA does not mention any role or participation of foreign countries with respect to the US Secretary of Transportations require approval of such vessel security plans. The problem with this is that ISPS provides for an international equirement for a security plan, which provides that a vessels flag state is responsible for reviewing and certifying the vessels security plan. The concern here is that a vessel may belong to a flag state which does not have a strong safety requirement standard. A foreign vessel belonging toa flag state is subject to the review and certification of such states safety requirements of that vessels security plan. According to Wrightson (2003), the Coast Guard implemented rules to address this issue by verifying that foreign vessels have approved, fully implemented security plans (Wrightson, 2003, pp. 0-11). Unfortunately, the US Coast Guard admits that its security effort is modeled after the US safety program, which may differ from a flag states safety requirements. The Coast Guard is reported to not have contingency plans in place in the event that stronger safety measures than those called for in their current plans are required in order to verify a foreign vessel. These concerns however pertain mainly to foreign flag vessels. us-registered vessels and their corresponding security plans will be reviewed and approved by the Coast Guard. Such review and approval also comes at high costs. In the 2004 budget for the US Coast Guard, the review and approval of the security plans as required by MTSA for domestic vessels alone were set for $ 70 million, with 150 full time personnel required to conduct the review and approval (wrtghtson, 2003, pp. 0-11). Lastly, there is a fourth weakness that can be identified in the MTSA. Although it was discussed that the fact that MTSA does not require for a specific security or action plan for each part, and that action plans are tailored to fit the safety needs of drawbacks. Congress has identified the issue of determining what elements of port ecurity might be best addressed through establishing across-the-board or standard measures applicable to all seaports in the US. These common standards and practices is naturally contradictory to the tailored, site specific approach that MTSA encourages in order to meet the safety needs and specific circumstances of each particular port in the US. For instance, the MTSA does not provide for a specific percentage of cargo which Customs Service should physically inspect at US seaports (Fritelli, 2003, p. 6). 5. Final Assessment and Recommendations to Strengthen MTSA Despite its flaws, the MTSA is still landmark legislation as it took a huge step in allowing the US to prevent and deal with terrorist attacks on the nations maritime ports. Of the 46 key areas identified to implement the requirements of MTSA, 43 of these ports or harbors have already transmitted maritime information which is a preliminary step in helping to establish security systems and action plans (Wrightson, 2003, p. 1). Due to the requirements in MTSA, the Coast Guard has also published its six interim rules on the provisions in the ACT wherein it has lead responsibility ertaining to national maritime security initiatives, area maritime security, vessel security, facility security, outer continental shelf facility security, and AS. The rules also provided for a comprehensive description of industry-related maritime security requirements and cost-benefit assessments for US ports (Wrightson, 2003, pp. 4-6). A careful analysis of strategies and issues identified by the US Department of Homeland Security calls for the following recommendations relating to the issues and weaknesses of MTSA identified in this paper (US Department of Homeland Security, 005): Development of an Infrastructure Recovery Plan which sets standards and procedures for recovery of maritime infrastructure following an attack or similar disruption. This should go hand in hand with vulnerability assessment, in order to respond to the criticism as to lack of usefulness of vulnerability assessments in ports. Vulnerability assessment should thus include assessment as to the costs and extent of recovery needed for an area after a transportation security incident or terrorist attack. Development of an International Outreach and Coordination Strategy. This should allow a framework for the US and foreign governments to coordinate regarding security measures and standards. This will address the issue regarding the Coast Guard verification of foreign flag vessels which may have different security measures and standards as the US. The other issues identified as weaknesses of the MTSA costs of putting AIS in place, costs of conducting assessments in ports, and the lack of a standard measure for all ports versus specific area standards per port have been addressed in the 108th Congress, 1st Session, in HR 2193. The Bill, cited as the Port Security Improvements Act of 2003, provides for funding of port security enhancements pursuant to MTSA. The House Bill provides for standardization of security requirements for ports, vessels and facilities, requiring the Coast Guard to issue regulations under Section 70103, Title 46 of the United States Code, to establish national minimum standards for security requirements for each port, facility in a port in the US, and each vessel entering a US port.